完全用 GNU/Linux 工作
檢測硬碟 S.M.A.R.T. 健康狀態
S.M.A.R.T. 是個用來檢測硬碟健康狀況的指標，
安裝 smartmontools
套件 smartmontools 包含了 smartctl, smartd，是個可以監控 ATA, SCSI 硬碟 (storage) SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology System) 狀態的工具。我們可以透過它來進階設定各種硬碟退化、錯誤警告的回報機制。
安裝文字介面的檢測工具 smartmontools。
# Debian, Ubuntu
$ sudo aptitude install smartmontools
# CentOS, RHEL, Fedora
$ sudo yum install smartmontools
smartctl
smartctl 主要是用來進行一次性、暫時性的硬碟掃描，以下為常見的使用方法。
- 查看該媒體是否支援 SMART 檢測。
# - 啟用 (Enabled)。 $ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.8.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: ST3500413AS Serial Number: Z2AAMWCL LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 035f695b1 Firmware Version: JC45 User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: ATA-8-ACS revision 4 Local Time is: Wed Oct 16 21:04:44 2013 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled # - 停用 (Disabled)。 $ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.8.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: ST3500413AS Serial Number: Z2AAMWCL LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 035f695b1 Firmware Version: JC45 User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: ATA-8-ACS revision 4 Local Time is: Wed Oct 16 21:05:36 2013 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Disabled - 若尚未啟用 SMART，可以使用 -s 參數開啟它。
$ sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.8.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION === SMART Enabled. - 支援 SMART 後我們可以使用 -H 參數來手動檢查硬碟、隨身硬碟的建康狀態。
# - 通過 (passed)。 $ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.8.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED # - 失敗 (failed)。 $ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.8.0-31-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED! Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA. Failed Attributes: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 004 004 005 Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 1887
smartd
smartd 是個可以把 smartmontools 註冊成例行性服務 (Daemon) 並使用排程來監控的程式，以下為啟用的步驟。
- 啟用 smartd。
$ sudo vim /etc/default/smartmontools ... start_smartd=yes smartd_opts="--interval=1800" - 備份設定檔。
$ sudo cp /etc/smartd.conf /etc/smartd.conf.ori - 編輯設定檔。
$ sudo vi /etc/smartd.conf ...... # 掃描所有的 ATA/SCSI 設備並將報告寄送給 root。 DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner # 每日 02:00 快速檢查 sda，每週六 03:00 完整檢查 sda。 /dev/sda -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03) # 每日 04:00 快速檢查 sdb，每週六 05:00 完整檢查 sdb。 /dev/sdb -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././04|L/../../6/05) # 監控 SMART 狀態 /dev/sda -H -l error -l selftest -t -I 194 /dev/sdb -H -l error -l selftest -t -I 194 # 安靜的檢查，並只郵寄建康狀態給 admin@example.tw /dev/sda -H -C 0 -U 0 -m admin@example.tw /dev/sdb -H -C 0 -U 0 -m admin@example.tw ...... - 啟用服務
$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start - 觀看記錄檔 (log)。
$ less /var/log/syslog ...... Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: smartd 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build) Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Opened configuration file /etc/smartd.conf Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Drive: DEVICESCAN, implied '-a' Directive on line 21 of file /etc/smartd.conf Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Configuration file /etc/smartd.conf was parsed, found DEVICESCAN, scanning devices Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Device: /dev/sda, type changed from 'scsi' to 'sat' Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], opened ...... Oct 17 08:59:47 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], found in smartd database. Oct 17 08:59:48 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], is SMART capable. Adding to "monitor" list. Oct 17 08:59:48 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11523]: Device: /dev/sda [SAT], state read from /var/lib/smartmontools/smartd.ST9320423AS-5VH55XKG.ata.state ...... Oct 17 08:59:48 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11525]: smartd has fork()ed into background mode. New PID=11525. Oct 17 08:59:48 thinkpad-t410 smartd[11525]: file /var/run/smartd.pid written containing PID 11525
當 SMART 亮起紅燈時，請儘速備份並更換硬碟。這時可以先拿先前淘汰的舊硬碟墊擋，否則就趕緊買顆新的補上了！ (若您的硬碟保固還沒過，那您可以換新硬碟了，恭喜！)
